Interview: Occupational Therapy and Child Essay

The current meeting process is concerning a kid who is four years of age and was determined to have chemical imbalance when he was two years of age. Youngsters with chemical imbalance frequently show deficiencies in language, social cooperation, practices, and tangible and perceptual handling (Case-Smith &ump; O’Brien, 2010). Hence, the motivation behind the current meeting is to explore the child’s in general needs, qualities, and shortcomings concerning the child’s explicit condition to increase an inside and out comprehension of the kid. The objective of the meeting is to gather intensive data about the youngster to permit the professional to increase a comprehension of the kid and parent’s requirements for treatment. Moreover, the meeting encourages compatibility between the specialist and the youngster and parent and communicates the practitioner’s want to comprehend and relate to the kid. It is essential to set up a relationship with the youngster and the parent to take into account an open conversation and a fruitful mediation. The specialist ought to set up legitimate eye to eye connection and draw in with the youngster appropriately to pick up the child’s trust during the meeting procedure. Structure of meeting The structure of the meeting is made accessible so there are smooth change inside the meeting. The inquiries are stated in an open-finished structure to advance more discussion with the customer and permits the professional to acquire data about the customer. The inquiries in the meeting are coordinated to the parent because of the youthful age of the youngster and the child’s finding of chemical imbalance. Besides, as per Stone and Hogan (1993) â€Å"parents offer a one of a kind point of view on the child’s practices, one that is procured after some time and across various settings and contribution from guardians gives a significant enhancement to clinical observations.† The admission structure is arranged in a style where the specialist may handily pose the inquiries and translate the data from the customer. The average segments of the meeting are the opening, body, and conclusion (Sommers-Flannagan,J. &ump; Sommers-Flannagan, R., 2003). The admission structure contains data with respect to socioeconomics, clinical history, treatment history, and formative history in the initial area. In the body segment of the meeting, data about the word related execution territories, execution abilities, and execution designs are tended to. In conclusion, the meeting finishes up by mentioning the individual objectives and significant worries for the customer and parent. Opening In the start of the meeting, the specialist acquaints oneself with the customer by expressing the practitioner’s name, capability and job in the setting (Crepeau, Cohn, &ump; Schell, 2009). In the opening of the meeting, the expert needs to educate the customer regarding the reason for the meeting and the sort of inquiries that will be posed (Crepeau et al., 2009) and examine about secrecy (Sommers-Flannagan, J. &ump; Sommers-Flannagan, R., 2003). Secrecy is an indispensable part of the meeting procedure and is imperative to the customer and professional. Setting up secrecy urges the customer to take an interest with a solid demeanor and lead to powerful meetings later on. As per Sommers-Flannagan, J. what's more, Sommers-Flannagan, R. (2003), professionals in the opening of the meeting have an obligation to establish a positive first connection or they will lose their client’s trust. Specialists need to hand-off that they care about their customers both with verbal and non-verbal signs (Sommers-Flannagan, J. &ump; Sommers-Flannagan, R., 2003). In the current case, the professional looks for data about the client’s socioeconomics, clinical history, treatment history, and formative history. Despite the fact that the objective in the first place is to make a warm setting (Sommers-Flannagan, J. &ump; Sommers-Flannagan, R., 2003), it is essential to find out about the client’s foundation data. So as to build up an appropriate treatment plan for the future, it is basic to think about the client’s history. Socioeconomics questions are presented to increase general data about the client’s age, contact data, and caretaker’s data. Questions with respect to clinical history are available to help give data in regards to any clinical incapacity that may influence the client’s current condition. Treatment history questions give how viable the past intercessions were for the customer and a structure for future mediations. Data with respect to the client’s formative history are approached to comprehend the client’s achievements and territories that the kid may show delays. These inquiries give the professional an intensive foundation about the customer and empowers the expert to define an immediate and explicit treatment plan for the customer. Body The body of the meeting fuses the turn of events and investigation stage, which is the point at which the specialist and the customer work together to build up the individual story (Crepeau, et al., 2009). Besides, during this phase of the meeting procedure, the professional poses inquiries that are identified with the client’s occupation and the elements that may thwart or advance the client’s occupations. The inquiries in the current meeting are designed by the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework (OTPF) (American Occupational Therapy Association, AOTA, 2008). Inside the body of the meeting, the accompanying points are tended to: territories of occupation, execution abilities, and execution designs. Territories of occupation As indicated by AOTA (2008) the zones of occupation are: exercises of every day living, instrumental exercises of day by day living, instruction, work, recreation, play, social investment, and rest and rest. In the meeting, the specialist offers conversation starters to explore the child’s autonomy in regards to exercises of day by day living, which are washing, eating, dressing self, and prepping. It is essential to know how autonomous the youngster is in these territories to have a comprehension with respect to the child’s individual needs. Youngsters with chemical imbalance frequently are equipped for learning assignments, for example, self-care, yet it is imperative to know the child’s level of working. Due to the client’s age and determination, the customer is dependent on the guardian or parent to help with instrumental exercises of day by day living. Instruction and play are the child’s essential occupations, in this manner, it is imperative to perceive the child’s needs and capacities in these territories. The admission meet poses inquiries in regards to the child’s involvement with school to help depict the child’s learning capacities. Youngsters with chemical imbalance frequently have formative postpones which sway the child’s capacities to handle or procedure data (Case-Smith &ump; O’Brien, 2010). The degree of working fluctuate for every youngster on the mental imbalance range, in this manner, it is fundamental to know the particular scholarly experience of the individual kid. Besides, youngsters with chemical imbalance display unsettling influences in conduct which regularly impacts their advancement in training (Case-Smith &ump; O’Brien, 2010), in this manner it is basic to ask about the child’s conduct issues. It is hard to work with people who show social issues, and accordingly, youngsters who have chemical imbalance may frequently be declined for administrations, for example, instruction. Different challenges youngsters with chemical imbalance regularly experience are with social connection and proper play. Professionals need to ask about the child’s cooperation with others their age and relatives (Stone &ump; Hogan, 1993). It is essential to have a thought of how the kid cooperates, assuming any, and what explicit exercises are inspirations. Youngsters with chemical imbalance may respond to odd settings and exercises contrarily, in this manner it is fundamental to look for data in regards to undertakings that may balance these practices. Besides Lord, Rutter, and Le Couteur (1997) states that it essential to pose inquiries in regards to social association and evasion to separate between youngsters determined to have delicate X from the individuals who are determined to have mental imbalance. Execution Skills As indicated by AOTA (2008), execution aptitudes are a piece of the word related treatment space and include: tangible and perceptual abilities, engine and praxis aptitudes, passionate guideline aptitudes, intellectual abilities, and correspondence and social aptitudes. These regions inside the presentation aptitudes are basic data that are significant in youngsters determined to have chemical imbalance. The youngster determined to have mental imbalance may show challenges in these zones. In this segment of the meeting, the expert looks for data in regards to the child’s relational abilities. Youngsters with chemical imbalance might not have communicated in language, yet may show different informative abilities with the parent. As indicated by Lord et. al (1997), questions in regards to correspondence, for example, coordinating consideration, communicating enthusiasm for other people, social connection and mimicking reactions ought to be asked in light of the fact that youngst ers with mental imbalance frequently show aggravations in these zones. Additionally these types of inquiries help separate between a youngster who has scholarly incapacity and chemical imbalance (Lord et al., 1997). Different inquiries coordinated to kids with mental imbalance are concerning tangible preparing abilities. Kids who are determined to have mental imbalance frequently safe house an abhorrence for tangible incitements and may over or under respond to tactile info, for example, contact, sound, taste, and sight. Kids with chemical imbalance may show trouble handling tactile data (Zager, 2005). Since kids with chemical imbalance regularly show issues with tactile preparing and over incitement, it is imperative to recognize what explicit type of tangible challenges the kid encounters. Challenges in these territories may likewise

Constructivism Essay Example for Free

Constructivism Essay Constructivism as well as social constructionism can be reflected especially to Alexander Wendt. In his article, Anarchy is What States Make of It: the Social Construction of Power Politics in 1992, laid the crucial hypothetical preparation for requesting what he accepted to be a defect between neo-realist’s and neo-liberal institutionalist’s; I. e. pledge to a type of realism. Alexander Wendt opened the route for universal relations researchers to seek after work in a wide scope of issues from a constructivist point of view by endeavoring to show that even a center pragmatist idea (e. . power governmental issues) is socially constructedâ€that is, not given commonly. Thus, is equipped for being changed by human practice. Constructivism essentially portrays what number of center parts of global relations are. Socially developed depicts constructivism wherein they are given their structure by methods for continuous strategies of social practice and correspondence. Wendt recognizes two recognized central standards of Constructivism; (1) that the structures of human affiliation are resolved fundamentally by shared thoughts as opposed to material powers, and (2) that the personalities and interests of purposive entertainers are built by these common thoughts as opposed to given naturally . In the developmental work of Wendt, constructivism opposes the assumption of Neorealist being Structuralist’s by methods for indicating that the contributory forces credited to Structure are not given, yet will depend in which Structure is built through social practice. Notwithstanding the nature, culture and customs, religion, society, constructivism doesn't anticipate whether two nations will be partners or adversaries, regardless of whether they will perceive every others power, will have dynastic ties, and will be revisionist or the state of affairs powers. In a constructivist’s point of view, worldwide laws made depended on the assorted variety of the races, culture, religion, society, customs and political intensity of every one of the part nations. In model, the United Nations tends to tasks of food security, neediness, and different activities that are for philanthropic purposes. Thoughts produced from this sort of foundation will in general assistance nations that were remembered for the underdeveloped nations or what we usually called the creating nations. With respect to the global relations, worldwide laws were general or widespread regarding what the partaking nations see as great, essential to the majority of the nations, empathetic, and won't endure viciousness to the entirety. Constructivist’s prohibits disorder, of the activities of the nations and diverts realism. Global laws and organizations create the required space for their inclinations, I. e. to assume a focal position in hypothesizing worldwide relations. Today, nations are not just coordinated by the goals of a self improvement framework yet their inclinations become significant in breaking down how they will be of help to different nations that required them and to keep up harmony consistently. As of the idea of the global framework, Constructivists see our inclinations being not dispassionately grounded in material powers however the consequence of thoughts and the social development of such thoughts. To sum up, the constructivism theory with respect to inside relations, the job of universal laws and organizations, reflects to a social request, administration to any framework, in this manner, prompting establishment of global laws and foundations that are general in nature, therefore, prompting better worldwide relations of every one of the nations or potentially on-screen characters.

Summer Recruiting Events COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Summer Recruiting Events COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The blog has been focused mainly on incoming students recently but I did want to take a moment to highlight some opportunities for prospective students to gather more information about SIPA. Next  month SIPA will be participating in five different recruitment events.   If you are a prospective student and are  available it would be great to meet you at one of these events.   Details on each event are below. First, SIPA is participating in the Aid International Development Forum taking place in Washington D.C. on June 8th and 9th.   The forum is free to attend and you can view the schedule and register by clicking here. Second, on Monday, June 13th in Washington, D.C. SIPA will join four other policy schools for an evening reception featuring admissions representatives, alumni, and current students enrolled in our programs. The event will be held at the Johns Hopkins Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies. The doors will open at  5:30 P.M. for registration. The main event, featuring alumni and representatives from the schools, will take place from 6:30 P.M. to 7:30 P.M. The event will start with some brief presentations followed by mingling with drinks and light hors doeuvres and should conclude around 8:00 P.M. There is no charge to attend the event, but you must register to attend. You can register for the event by  clicking here or by pasting the following address into your Web browser: http://irgradschools.com/?page_id=3event_id=76 Third, SIPA will have a table at three Idealist.org graduate school fairs in San Francisco, New York, and Washington D.C.   Full details are available via the following links: San Francisco  Idealist.org Graduate School Fair â€" June 16th from 5:00 to 8:00 P.M. at the San Francisco County Fair Building New York City Idealist.org Graduate School Fair June 22nd from 5:00 to 8:00 PM at Fordham University Washington, D.C. Idealist.org Graduate School Fair â€" June  23rd from 5:00 to 8:00 P.M. at American University Please note that we also host information sessions at SIPA each Monday at 6:00 PM and each Friday at Noon, with some exceptions for holidays.   Registration is required and you can contact our office anytime to reserve a space. Representatives from SIPA travel extensively in the fall and as our travel schedule firms up we will post updates to this blog so stay tuned.

Summary Tigress - 10460 Words

Tigress redirects here. For other uses, see Tiger (disambiguation) and Tigress (disambiguation). Tiger Temporal range: early Pleistocene–Recent PreЄЄOSDCPTJKPgN ↓ Tigress at Jim Corbett National Park.jpg A Bengal tiger (P. tigris tigris) Conservation status Endangered (IUCN 3.1)[1] Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Felidae Genus: Panthera Species: P. tigris Binomial name Panthera tigris (Linnaeus, 1758) Subspecies P. t. tigris P. t. corbetti P. t. jacksoni P. t. sumatrae P. t. altaica P. t. amoyensis † P. t. virgata † P. t. balica † P. t. sondaica † P. t. trinilensis Tiger map.jpg Tiger s historic range in about 1850 (pale yellow) and in 2006 (in green).[2] Synonyms Felis tigris Linnaeus, 1758[3] Tigris striatus Severtzov, 1858 Tigris regalis Gray, 1867 The tiger (Panthera tigris) is the largest cat species, reaching a total body length of up to 3.38 m (11.1 ft) over curves and exceptionally weighing up to 388.7 kg (857 lb) in the wild. Its most recognisable feature is a pattern of dark vertical stripes on reddish-orange fur with a lighter underside. The species is classified in the genus Panthera with the lion, leopard, jaguar and snow leopard. Tigers are apex predators, primarily preying on ungulates such as deer and bovids. They are territorial and generally solitary but social animals, often requiring large contiguous areas of habitat that support their prey requirements. This,Show MoreRelatedKaziranga National Park1849 Words   |  8 PagesFund. Additional funding is also received from national international Non-governmental organizations. THE PROBLEM www.wildlifeextra.com - 4th of February 2010 Poachers kill Indian Rhino at Kaziranga National Park, Assam Media Summary Kaziranga National Park is known worldwide for the largest concentration of one horned rhinos in the world but the biggest threat to the rhino conservation has been poaching with more than 400 rhinos Kaziranga National Park, which houses two thirdsRead MoreReview Of Talisman Energy ( Uk ) Ltd.1578 Words   |  7 Pages Student Name ID COURSE: ASSIGNMENT: DATE SUBMITTED: â€Æ' Executive Summary The Beauly field was discovered in 1998 and was first put on production in 2001 by Talisman Energy (UK) Ltd. It is found on the North Sea block of UK and is situated about 250 Kilometers on the Northeast side of Aberdeen Scotland. Moreover, it is deemed to be among the smallest marginal fields of North Sea. The Paleocene basin that arises on the upper portion of the Lista Formation is the hydrocarbon bearing zoneRead MorePrefixation Inthe English Language and Its Role in Enriching the English16589 Words   |  67 Pagesused in delivering lectures on English lexicology. The practical value of the work is to study thoroughly prefixation in English and Uzbek languages. The structure of the Qualification paper is as follows: introduction, 2 chapters, conclusion and summary and the last is used literature. Introduction deals with the description of the structure of the Qualification paper. Chapter I deals with the general notion of Word formation, affixation in the English language, degree of derivation and homonymic

Scottish Merchant - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 909 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/07/29 Category People Essay Level High school Tags: Alexander Hamilton Essay Did you like this example? Alexander Hamilton was born in Charlestown, Nevis, in the West Indies on January 11, 1757, to James Hamilton, who was a Scottish merchant of St. Christopher, and to his mothers name was Rachel Fawcett. Rachels father was a Huguenot physician and planter. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Scottish Merchant" essay for you Create order While very young, she had been married and divorced After her divorce, the court had said she couldnt get remarried. Her marriage to James Hamilton was accepted in the West Indies,but anywhere else it wasnt.She ended up giving birth to two sons, but less than ten years later the couple were living apart. Rachel and her boys lived on St. Croix,and there she depended on her relatives. She had sadly in 1768. But his father had lived up until 1799. But the boys were already orphans before they were close to being teenagers. By the time Hamilton was twelve he had began work as a clerk in a general store. But he had some keen intellect and ambitious goals. He was also and excellent writer, in both English and French. In 1772, his aunts saved up to be able to send the young intellectual to New York for a formal education. But by 1773 Hamilton was entered at Kings College, which is now Columbia. Even when he was a young man he had a strong hold on political issues concerning the British and American government. He was on seventeen when he exhibited in a series of anonymous pamphlets, they were also attributed to John Jay. But in 1775 he founded a volunteer military company, so Hamilton quit his college studies. But obviously he was good at it cause on March 14, 1776, he was commissioned Captain of the New York Company of Artillery. Nathanael Greene noticed that Hamilton had great skills and intelligence in his duties with artillery.He was asked to serve on the staff of Lord Stirling,but he said no and continued on with his career with artillery at Long Island,also along with other places such as Harlem Heights, and White Plains. Then he saw some action at Trenton and Princeton in the New Jersey campaign. Another person realized how extraordinary Hamilton was it was Washington, but it was for a different reason this time. It was for his leadership abilities, also his extraordinary talent for writing. Then on March 1st, 1777, Hamilton got promoted to Lieutenant Colonel, and made a aide-de-camp. And he was just twenty years old and he has made so many accomplishments. In the winter of 1777-1778 Hamilton stayed with Washington and the Continental Army at Valley Forge. During this winter is when Brigadier General Horatio Gates tried but failed to incriminate Hamilton during the Conway Cabal. Then finally Alexander Hamilton married Elizabeth Schuyler on December 14, 1780, she was the daughter of Philip Schuyler, who was a Revolutionary War general, and her mothers name was Catherine Van Rensselaer Schuyler. Both families were very wealthy and prominent New York families. That marriage was very happy and they made eight children out of that marriage. But on February 16, 1781, Hamilton and Washington had a quarrel which soured their relationship. He had told his father-in-law in a letter that was dated He describes the incident in a letter that was dated February 18, 1791. His letter he wrote explained what happened. ?Two days ago, the General and I passed each other on the stairs. He told me he wanted to speak to me. I answered that I would wait upon him immediately. I went below, and delivered Mr. Tilghman a letter to be sent to the commissary, containing an order of a pressing and interesting nature. Returning to the General, I was stopped on the way by the Marquis de Lafayette, and we conversed together about a minute on a matter of business. He can testify how impatient I was to get back [. . .] I met him [Washington] at the head of the stairs, where, accosting me in an angry tone, Colonel Hamilton, said he, Â  you have kept me waiting at the head of the stairs these ten minutes. I must tell you sir, you treat me with disrespect. I replied without petulancy, but with decision: I am not conscious of it, sir, but since you have thought it necessary to tell me so, we part. Very Well, sir, said he, if it be your choice, or something to this effect, and we separated. I sincerely believe my absence, which gave so much umbrage, did not last two minutes. But any attempts for reconciliation was not an option. In Moses Hazens Brigade in July, Hamilton was given command of the battalion of Lafayette Division. And the he contributed in the final American victory there, Hamilton led a successful attack at Yorktown. And when he was made Colonel in Sep 30, 1783,he continued with the military. But by the end of that year he left the service. Hamilton represented the state of New York and appointed to the Congress of the Confederation. But in 1783 he set up a law practice and resigned from Congress. Then he found the Bank of New York and continued an influence in national politics. He also found and led the Federalist Political Party, and was co-authoring the Federalist Papers along with John Jay, and Madison.Hamilton was a big reason the Articles were replaced in 1787, cause he played a key role in creating the Constitution. In 1789-1795 he served as a first Secretary of the Treasury in George Washingtons ,and that led to the establishment of our national monetary system.

Advance Color Photography Free Essays

A photograph is a frozen second in time, a token of a memory. If one would really look at any picture, however, a photograph is more complicated than that. Without formal education regarding photography, one cannot fully tell what a good photograph is by simply looking at it. We will write a custom essay sample on Advance Color Photography or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most of the time even, people say that it is a nice picture if their faces were not construed and their bad angles well kept. People don’t often find the difference between black and white pictures and full color pictures. It could be that, in this day and age, color can be considered as a basic necessity, something that can sooth the senses. Likewise, color photography is a technology that allows us to maximize how we keep our memories, which is how we remember it: in full color. In this photography class, we have learned that wasting film is not exactly as it is. With every click of the shutter, we practice. At first, it was quite challenging how one can use an SLR, a camera an average person assume professional photographers use. Although there is much truth in their assumptions, not all the best photographs are taken using such a camera. A simple point and shoot camera can create the best photographs if the handler knows what he is doing. A photographer should know the three basic principles in taking high quality photographs: composition, depth of field, and exposure. Although a point and shoot camera cannot maximize the latter two principles, the composition of an image is the most important element in photography. This is due to the fact that the shutter speed and exposure levels are the elements that gives better effects to pictures. Furthermore, to become a skilled photographer, one should be aware of the other equipment used. A tripod is a fundamental component in taking good pictures. In settings with poor lighting, it is necessary to use a tripod if the camera does not a have a flash, or if it is a kind of night photography. The tripod assists the artist to take clear pictures. A shaky hand hinders one from capturing a crisp photograph. Different lenses further allows photographers to be more specific in taking pictures. If their object relates to sports, we will need extra lenses that can zoom into moving objects, while maintaining that crisp look. These different kinds of lenses can be necessary for the different specializations different photographers have: portraits, landscapes, architecture, night, still life, journalism, and sports, to name a few. Although I did not learn everything I could have in one course, I have browsed photographs and some basic techniques online. Access is quite easy, and I believe I have the right the maximize this. By taking into my formal studies the extra curricular information I attained, I am able to explore and execute different styles. Other means of sharpening my eye in finding a good photograph was through looking at magazines, newspapers, ads, and even those brochures I can come across. I was browsing in the internet for some of the best photographs in the recent history when I came across an address that showed the best picks in the year 2005. C.L. Garvin of The Register Herald was one of the artists included in their list. Among all those listed, her photograph was the most serene looking. Her photograph consists of a reflection of a willow, with fall floating on the surface of the water, with the sky as the overall background. The different techniques she incorporated in this photo are also applied by the other photographers in that category. The difference was how they were incorporated. The composition and total appeal of the photograph also brought about its success. In class, we also learned the difference between snapshots and photographs. Snapshots are those pictures we take during parties, special events and documentations hastily. They are usually taken with a simple automatic point and shoot camera without considering the other elements that will make it art. Photographs are taken with a careful eye. It doesn’t matter if the photo was taken quickly, as long as the photographer keeps in mind the basic elements as he angles his camera to the scene, then it can become art. In color photography, we highly give importance to the role of color to the totality of the image. The different colors used in the composition of the photograph generally sets the mood or tone of the photograph, much like how anything is visually affected by the use of color. In photographs, shades of blue are cool colors, which represent serenity. Warm colors such as yellow and red represent energy, and earth tones are relaxing. The mixture of colors may represented something greater. This means that in taking photographs, the composition of the shot includes balance between the elements and color use. Given that color use in taking pictures can break or make the photograph, the choice of colors to use in the frame is quite vital. The purpose of taking a photograph is not just to freeze time, but also to have it represent something more than that, like emotions and thoughts. It is not simply taking a portion of our memories, but also giving it a justifiable aesthetic value. The basic idea is to capture, along with everything within that moment framed. A photographer should also keep in mind the harmony of colors, and how each complement the focal image of the frame. Some experienced photographers will say that those who wish to become an accomplished photographer should simply take a camera, look through the viewer, find an object and press the shutter. That is putting it too mildly. True, some of the best photographs have been taken in an instant. This does not show luck at all, but quick thinking. Moreover, any photographer will not take just one frame of one composition. It can take three frames to 3 rolls to achieve the desired composition and effect of the picture. What is important is that the artist can think fast and be observant enough to find his point of attack. There are basic guidelines to follow in creating a good photograph. It was mentioned earlier that there are equipment involved. Composition has been long established as a basic principle. However, there are other ways to point the difference between a good and a bad shot. According to another website I came across, the other points one should consider in taking and deliberating the quality of photographs include: irrelevant elements, rule of thirds, lines, frames, camera shots and camera angles. Irrelevant elements include those objects that are not involved in the composition but happened to be captured within the frame. This is unfortunately something we cannot always make do without, especially in a very busy scenario. For example, one picture is focusing on children playing in the park. Parents often see this as a perfect time to have their cameras with them. They bring out the camera and start taking their pictures. Luckily in this age of user friendly digital cameras, one can immediately review the shot they took. However, in the time of film, we sometimes find ourselves frustrated when the best picture becomes a disaster as somebody’s elbow get in the way, the shot was blurry, or if they weren’t even in the frame. It happens, and is often depressing, to find that we don’t really know how to take good pictures. The rule of thirds basically imagining dividing the frame into nine boxes, two lines horizontal, and two lines vertical. The idea is to always have this imaginary grid in place every time a picture is being taken. This grid tells us that we should never put the main focus dead center. By putting the focus along these lines, we create a more balanced photograph. The illusion adds depth to the entire image of the photograph. The focus of the photograph would seem out of place if it is at the center of the frame. It will look odd and unattractive. Lines in photographs are elements that adds drama and excitement. It has been said that this technique is quite challenging to master due to the complexity it adds to the total appeal of the photograph. There are two kinds of lines used in photographs: explicit and implicit. Explicit lines are those close up details of objects, which if taken from a certain angle can be very beautiful. On the other hand, implicit lines are those that are implied in the photo. These lines are also considered as invisible lines because one cannot really see it. These lines have been incorporated from the moment the frame was being composed by the photographer. Furthermore, these lines are not always considered when the photographer takes a picture. Subconsciously, these lines become a guide on how the audience will look at the image. Framing involves what we call the headroom. This element pertains to the space between the edge of the frame and the focus. Also related to the rule of thirds, if the focus of the photograph is not situated in a way that it fills the frame completely. If not, the object should be strategically placed that if it doesn’t fill the frame, other objects will make up for it. The idea is always to have balance and aesthetic value. Camera Shots will refer to distance of the camera to the object. There are different camera shots a photographer can explore: extreme long shot, long shot, medium shot, close up shot, and extreme close up shot. These shot usually involve a person as reference. Extreme long shot will look like the picture was taken from afar, and the person is only a small percent of the frame. Long shot refers to fitting the person from head to toe within the frame. A medium shot will refer to half the anatomy. The close up shot will refer to the area from the chest up, with sufficient headroom. Lastly, the extreme close up shot would be a very tight frame of a person’s face. One should always remember, however, that the frames should never divide the body of a person in a frame at the joints: knees, waist, elbow, and neck. The last of the basic principles discussed by the website I found and was much used as well in class is the camera angle. Five different angles was discussed. The first refers to how the viewer seems to be interacting with the object, this is called a subjective angle. An objective angle on the other hand, refers to how the object is involved his own environment. The other three angles will refer to the point of view of the camera. The first of these is the low angle, where the camera is taking a picture from the lower areas of the object. This gives the object a sense of power and strength. The second angle would be the high angle wherein the camera takes a picture from above the object, giving it the opposite appeal: submission and weakness. The last angle discussed is the oblique angle. Quite an interesting point of view, an artist can explore a lot of different angles that can be both dramatic and playful. However, once a picture is taken, it isn’t a quality photograph yet. How pictures are   printed are also taken into consideration. In this digital era, we can print color photographs in our very homes. Technology really made it easier for us. From our cameras, we upload our photos in computers for retouching and cropping. For black and white photographs, there are specific chemicals used to develop the film, and from that film onto paper. Darkrooms and enlargers are used. However, for colored photographs, conventional printers and photo papers can be used. To have a more than satisfactory output of these pictures, the kinds of printers and papers should be of top quality to have the desired outcome. Today, the different colors used to print are abbreviated as CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow and black). These colors are mixed to form the different colors of the spectrum, producing colorful photographs. The choices made by the photographer regarding these factors in printing highly affect the output of the picture. It is only logical that way. If pictures are printed on low quality papers, through a rather cheap machine, then what else can we expect at the paper tray? If we are really after the best quality, then we should go all the way. Making use of substitutes will not promote everything we desire. Realism in photography is quite a rampant style today. Traced to where photographs are still in forms of paintings, realism is a style which portrays real life: problems, physical appearances, and sometimes morals, as listed by the website aHUNTFOR. Apparently, this style is also used in advocacies and statement artworks tody. The general context involved in realism boils down to the emotions: the feelings during hardship and likewise happiness. It paints reality of that time. When realism first came out as a style of art, all the neglected aspects of their lives were given light. Anyone today can produce quality photographs due to the convenience technology offered. All the other emotions and overlooked issues were given light. This explains the passion people express through advocacy photographs. Since they are given the liberty to express themselves, so share what they see through their lenses. This course taught me so much. What I have written here only involves the technical aspects of photography. These are the basic knowledge I need in constructing my own little masterpieces in full color. Printing them out through conventional printers or those in the high end series can only support my photograph. But what matters is my idea is expressed through such a creative means, as photography. Works Cited â€Å"Basic Rules of Photography.† trem.ca. 20 September 2003. 9 January 2008   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://trem.ca/learning.html. â€Å"Best Photographs of 2005.† Avolites Distributors Worldwide. 2005. 9 January 2008   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.avolites.org.uk/jokes/photos05.htm. â€Å"Realism.† HuntFor.com. 2007. 9 January 2008 http://www.huntfor.com/arthistory/c19th/realism.htm. How to cite Advance Color Photography, Papers

Advance Color Photography Free Essays

A photograph is a frozen second in time, a token of a memory. If one would really look at any picture, however, a photograph is more complicated than that. Without formal education regarding photography, one cannot fully tell what a good photograph is by simply looking at it. We will write a custom essay sample on Advance Color Photography or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most of the time even, people say that it is a nice picture if their faces were not construed and their bad angles well kept. People don’t often find the difference between black and white pictures and full color pictures. It could be that, in this day and age, color can be considered as a basic necessity, something that can sooth the senses. Likewise, color photography is a technology that allows us to maximize how we keep our memories, which is how we remember it: in full color. In this photography class, we have learned that wasting film is not exactly as it is. With every click of the shutter, we practice. At first, it was quite challenging how one can use an SLR, a camera an average person assume professional photographers use. Although there is much truth in their assumptions, not all the best photographs are taken using such a camera. A simple point and shoot camera can create the best photographs if the handler knows what he is doing. A photographer should know the three basic principles in taking high quality photographs: composition, depth of field, and exposure. Although a point and shoot camera cannot maximize the latter two principles, the composition of an image is the most important element in photography. This is due to the fact that the shutter speed and exposure levels are the elements that gives better effects to pictures. Furthermore, to become a skilled photographer, one should be aware of the other equipment used. A tripod is a fundamental component in taking good pictures. In settings with poor lighting, it is necessary to use a tripod if the camera does not a have a flash, or if it is a kind of night photography. The tripod assists the artist to take clear pictures. A shaky hand hinders one from capturing a crisp photograph. Different lenses further allows photographers to be more specific in taking pictures. If their object relates to sports, we will need extra lenses that can zoom into moving objects, while maintaining that crisp look. These different kinds of lenses can be necessary for the different specializations different photographers have: portraits, landscapes, architecture, night, still life, journalism, and sports, to name a few. Although I did not learn everything I could have in one course, I have browsed photographs and some basic techniques online. Access is quite easy, and I believe I have the right the maximize this. By taking into my formal studies the extra curricular information I attained, I am able to explore and execute different styles. Other means of sharpening my eye in finding a good photograph was through looking at magazines, newspapers, ads, and even those brochures I can come across. I was browsing in the internet for some of the best photographs in the recent history when I came across an address that showed the best picks in the year 2005. C.L. Garvin of The Register Herald was one of the artists included in their list. Among all those listed, her photograph was the most serene looking. Her photograph consists of a reflection of a willow, with fall floating on the surface of the water, with the sky as the overall background. The different techniques she incorporated in this photo are also applied by the other photographers in that category. The difference was how they were incorporated. The composition and total appeal of the photograph also brought about its success. In class, we also learned the difference between snapshots and photographs. Snapshots are those pictures we take during parties, special events and documentations hastily. They are usually taken with a simple automatic point and shoot camera without considering the other elements that will make it art. Photographs are taken with a careful eye. It doesn’t matter if the photo was taken quickly, as long as the photographer keeps in mind the basic elements as he angles his camera to the scene, then it can become art. In color photography, we highly give importance to the role of color to the totality of the image. The different colors used in the composition of the photograph generally sets the mood or tone of the photograph, much like how anything is visually affected by the use of color. In photographs, shades of blue are cool colors, which represent serenity. Warm colors such as yellow and red represent energy, and earth tones are relaxing. The mixture of colors may represented something greater. This means that in taking photographs, the composition of the shot includes balance between the elements and color use. Given that color use in taking pictures can break or make the photograph, the choice of colors to use in the frame is quite vital. The purpose of taking a photograph is not just to freeze time, but also to have it represent something more than that, like emotions and thoughts. It is not simply taking a portion of our memories, but also giving it a justifiable aesthetic value. The basic idea is to capture, along with everything within that moment framed. A photographer should also keep in mind the harmony of colors, and how each complement the focal image of the frame. Some experienced photographers will say that those who wish to become an accomplished photographer should simply take a camera, look through the viewer, find an object and press the shutter. That is putting it too mildly. True, some of the best photographs have been taken in an instant. This does not show luck at all, but quick thinking. Moreover, any photographer will not take just one frame of one composition. It can take three frames to 3 rolls to achieve the desired composition and effect of the picture. What is important is that the artist can think fast and be observant enough to find his point of attack. There are basic guidelines to follow in creating a good photograph. It was mentioned earlier that there are equipment involved. Composition has been long established as a basic principle. However, there are other ways to point the difference between a good and a bad shot. According to another website I came across, the other points one should consider in taking and deliberating the quality of photographs include: irrelevant elements, rule of thirds, lines, frames, camera shots and camera angles. Irrelevant elements include those objects that are not involved in the composition but happened to be captured within the frame. This is unfortunately something we cannot always make do without, especially in a very busy scenario. For example, one picture is focusing on children playing in the park. Parents often see this as a perfect time to have their cameras with them. They bring out the camera and start taking their pictures. Luckily in this age of user friendly digital cameras, one can immediately review the shot they took. However, in the time of film, we sometimes find ourselves frustrated when the best picture becomes a disaster as somebody’s elbow get in the way, the shot was blurry, or if they weren’t even in the frame. It happens, and is often depressing, to find that we don’t really know how to take good pictures. The rule of thirds basically imagining dividing the frame into nine boxes, two lines horizontal, and two lines vertical. The idea is to always have this imaginary grid in place every time a picture is being taken. This grid tells us that we should never put the main focus dead center. By putting the focus along these lines, we create a more balanced photograph. The illusion adds depth to the entire image of the photograph. The focus of the photograph would seem out of place if it is at the center of the frame. It will look odd and unattractive. Lines in photographs are elements that adds drama and excitement. It has been said that this technique is quite challenging to master due to the complexity it adds to the total appeal of the photograph. There are two kinds of lines used in photographs: explicit and implicit. Explicit lines are those close up details of objects, which if taken from a certain angle can be very beautiful. On the other hand, implicit lines are those that are implied in the photo. These lines are also considered as invisible lines because one cannot really see it. These lines have been incorporated from the moment the frame was being composed by the photographer. Furthermore, these lines are not always considered when the photographer takes a picture. Subconsciously, these lines become a guide on how the audience will look at the image. Framing involves what we call the headroom. This element pertains to the space between the edge of the frame and the focus. Also related to the rule of thirds, if the focus of the photograph is not situated in a way that it fills the frame completely. If not, the object should be strategically placed that if it doesn’t fill the frame, other objects will make up for it. The idea is always to have balance and aesthetic value. Camera Shots will refer to distance of the camera to the object. There are different camera shots a photographer can explore: extreme long shot, long shot, medium shot, close up shot, and extreme close up shot. These shot usually involve a person as reference. Extreme long shot will look like the picture was taken from afar, and the person is only a small percent of the frame. Long shot refers to fitting the person from head to toe within the frame. A medium shot will refer to half the anatomy. The close up shot will refer to the area from the chest up, with sufficient headroom. Lastly, the extreme close up shot would be a very tight frame of a person’s face. One should always remember, however, that the frames should never divide the body of a person in a frame at the joints: knees, waist, elbow, and neck. The last of the basic principles discussed by the website I found and was much used as well in class is the camera angle. Five different angles was discussed. The first refers to how the viewer seems to be interacting with the object, this is called a subjective angle. An objective angle on the other hand, refers to how the object is involved his own environment. The other three angles will refer to the point of view of the camera. The first of these is the low angle, where the camera is taking a picture from the lower areas of the object. This gives the object a sense of power and strength. The second angle would be the high angle wherein the camera takes a picture from above the object, giving it the opposite appeal: submission and weakness. The last angle discussed is the oblique angle. Quite an interesting point of view, an artist can explore a lot of different angles that can be both dramatic and playful. However, once a picture is taken, it isn’t a quality photograph yet. How pictures are   printed are also taken into consideration. In this digital era, we can print color photographs in our very homes. Technology really made it easier for us. From our cameras, we upload our photos in computers for retouching and cropping. For black and white photographs, there are specific chemicals used to develop the film, and from that film onto paper. Darkrooms and enlargers are used. However, for colored photographs, conventional printers and photo papers can be used. To have a more than satisfactory output of these pictures, the kinds of printers and papers should be of top quality to have the desired outcome. Today, the different colors used to print are abbreviated as CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow and black). These colors are mixed to form the different colors of the spectrum, producing colorful photographs. The choices made by the photographer regarding these factors in printing highly affect the output of the picture. It is only logical that way. If pictures are printed on low quality papers, through a rather cheap machine, then what else can we expect at the paper tray? If we are really after the best quality, then we should go all the way. Making use of substitutes will not promote everything we desire. Realism in photography is quite a rampant style today. Traced to where photographs are still in forms of paintings, realism is a style which portrays real life: problems, physical appearances, and sometimes morals, as listed by the website aHUNTFOR. Apparently, this style is also used in advocacies and statement artworks tody. The general context involved in realism boils down to the emotions: the feelings during hardship and likewise happiness. It paints reality of that time. When realism first came out as a style of art, all the neglected aspects of their lives were given light. Anyone today can produce quality photographs due to the convenience technology offered. All the other emotions and overlooked issues were given light. This explains the passion people express through advocacy photographs. Since they are given the liberty to express themselves, so share what they see through their lenses. This course taught me so much. What I have written here only involves the technical aspects of photography. These are the basic knowledge I need in constructing my own little masterpieces in full color. Printing them out through conventional printers or those in the high end series can only support my photograph. But what matters is my idea is expressed through such a creative means, as photography. Works Cited â€Å"Basic Rules of Photography.† trem.ca. 20 September 2003. 9 January 2008   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://trem.ca/learning.html. â€Å"Best Photographs of 2005.† Avolites Distributors Worldwide. 2005. 9 January 2008   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.avolites.org.uk/jokes/photos05.htm. â€Å"Realism.† HuntFor.com. 2007. 9 January 2008 http://www.huntfor.com/arthistory/c19th/realism.htm. How to cite Advance Color Photography, Papers

The Kurds free essay sample

The writer takes the reader on an exploratory journey through the Kurdish history, as well as an examination of current situations. A detailed analysis of the Kurdish question following the Gulf War. The writer takes the reader on an exploratory journey through the Kurdish history, as well as an examination of current situations. The national movements, the history of the problem and other aspects are looked at in close detail and tied together to present a systematic research approach to the Kurdish question. The people themselves are building a national identity however. They sing national songs, they have a language that belongs to their ;nation, and they even have a currency that is exclusively Kurdish. In Kurdistan children are taught the history of their people and they are taught to have national pride. Like the person who lives out of hotels, but still is alive, the Kurdish consider themselves a nation without a home. We will write a custom essay sample on The Kurds or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The national identity has never been dependent on having land to call their own as they moved from place to place trying to find a permanent residence.

Entrepreneurial Management in University

Introduction Policy-makers and managerial scientists argue that people, who are working in various organizations, should have the qualities that are typical of entrepreneurs. This paper is aimed at discussing why they emphasize these attributes of an individual. Furthermore, it is vital to show how educational institutions such as universities can prepare students for the role of entrepreneurial managers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Entrepreneurial Management in University specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These are the issues that should be examined more closely. On the whole, one can say that entrepreneurship is essential for independent initiative of a person, and his/her ability to offer innovative solutions to existing problems. In turn, students should be encouraged to work on the tasks that can encourage them to focus on innovation and creativity. These are the main arguments that can be put forward. Th e importance of entrepreneurial qualities for individuals and organizations There are several reasons why entrepreneurial skills are valued by various organizations. First of all, an entrepreneur is able to identify the opportunity and exploit it (Minniti, 2006, p. 4). This quality of a person is of great importance to various institutions that can be public and private. Admittedly, one can speak mostly about companies that have to develop or improve their products and services in order to remain sustainable (Minniti, 2006, p. 4). Furthermore, this skill is essential for every individual who intends to open a start-up business (Minniti, 2006, p. 4). However, this issue is also essential for governmental organizations that should identify new methods of solving social problems such as crime, homelessness, inequality, and so forth. For example, contemporary school leadership is based on the idea that local authorities or school administrators should have an opportunity to change the p olicies of school in order to overcome various challenges (Reynolds, 2012, p. 150). Therefore, one should remember that the concept of entrepreneurship can be applied to various human activities. It can be relevant to commercial and non-commercial activities. This is one of the points that should be made.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are other aspects that should be considered. For instance, an entrepreneurial individual is more likely to take initiatives and accept responsibilities for his/her actions (Bygrave Zacharakis, 2011, p. 225). One should take into account that start-up businesses managed by entrepreneurs fail, and these people are keenly aware about possible risks (Bygrave Zacharakis, 2011, p. 225). This attribute of an individual is also of great value to organizations. The problem is that in many cases, managers or executives are not willing to take d ecisions that require them to face risks and take responsibility for their actions. Very often organizations become too averse to risks, but this attitude often leads to detrimental consequences. In particular, such organizations become less able to adjust to the changes in external environment or crises. This argument is relevant to various organizations that can be private or public. For instance, public administrators have to take decisive steps in order to respond to some urgent problems such as natural disasters, economic crises, or threats to national security. This is another aspect that should be considered. Apart from that, entrepreneurs have such a quality as internal locus of control. In other words, these people believe the results or outcomes should be attributed to their actions, rather than some external circumstances (Davidson, 2005, p. 61). For example, they believe that their failures can be explained by their own mistakes, rather than some overwhelming forces (Dav idson, 2005, p. 61). In contrast, many people, who work in public or private organizations, tend to blame others for their failures. This is why many public and private institutions cannot function effectively. One can say that entrepreneurial mindset is much more productive. These examples suggest that entrepreneurial skills are vital for various institutions. This is why politicians and scientists can attach importance to these qualities of an individual. These professionals understand that they are vital for the sustainability of businesses, governmental organizations, and community in general. Entrepreneurship in universities There are several ways in which educational organizations such as universities can prepare students for the role of entrepreneurial managers. First of all, the students should work on the assignments which prompt them to seek new solutions to existing problems. For instance, those people, who study engineering, are encouraged to work on the development of n ew technologies that can be commercially successful.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Entrepreneurial Management in University specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a rule, such assignments are closely related to project management because entrepreneurs should be able to manage the work of other people (Lowry, 2007, p. 106). This is one of the approaches that can be taken. Secondly, learners can be encouraged to work on various case studies which present a situation which enables learners to display their creativity. Apart from that, educators should attach importance to unconventional or counter-intuitive solutions offered by learners (Walzer 2007, p. 169). Finally, teachers should change the way in which learners look at the results of their actions. In particular, students should be prompted to be more initiative and responsible. These are some of strategies that colleges can take. On the whole, this question ha s attracted the attention of many educators. One of their arguments is that there is no single approach which can contribute to the development of entrepreneurial skills (Walzer 2007, p. 169). This is one of the issues that can be singled out. Discussion Nevertheless, there are certain barriers to the development of entrepreneurial skills in students. It is important to remember the efforts of educators can be successful in those cases when the culture of organizations supports entrepreneurship. For instance, various corporations lay stress on the empowerment of employees who should take initiatives (Bailey, 2009, p. 1). Normally, they achieve this goal by compensating those workers who can offer innovative solutions to problems. However, very often employees are closely supervised the managers. Furthermore, these people are extremely afraid of making even mistakes. This situation is widespread in those organizations where workers can be easily dismissed for any deviation from the e stablished rules. Under such circumstances, they are not likely to display entrepreneurial skills. Additionally, the development of these qualities should start at school while universities can facilitate this process. These are the main limitations that should not be overlooked. Conclusion On the whole, entrepreneurial management is essential for organizations. Much attention should be paid to the following aspects:Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More ability to identify opportunities; taking initiatives; accepting the responsibilities for one’s action. University educators can contribute to the development of these qualities by giving learners assignments that enable them to develop or display their creativity or administrative skills. Nevertheless, this goal can be attained if entrepreneurship is supported in schools. Moreover, the senior executives of organizations should support the initiatives of employees and managers. Reference List Bailey, T. (2009). Organizational Culture, Macro and Micro Empowerment  Dimensions, and Job Satisfaction: An Application of Concurrent Mixed and Multi-Level Methods in the Federal Sector. New York, NY: Universal-Publishers. Bygrave, W., Zacharakis, A. (2011). Entrepreneurship. Boston, MA: John Wiley and Sons. Davidson, P. (2005). Researching Entrepreneurship. New York, NY: Springer. Lowry, G. (2007). Information Systems and Technology Education: From the  University to the Workpla ce. Boston, MA: Idea Group Inc. Minniti, M. (2006). Entrepreneurship: The Engine of Growth. New York, NY: Greenwood Publishing Group. Reynolds, C. (2012). Women and School Leadership: International Perspectives. New York, NY: SUNY Press. Walzer, N. (2007). Entrepreneurship and Local Economic Development. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books. This essay on Entrepreneurial Management in University was written and submitted by user Brielle L. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Introduction to Human Settlements Essays

Introduction to Human Settlements Essays Introduction to Human Settlements Essay Introduction to Human Settlements Essay UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN SETTLEMENTS Why people build environments? In order to understand built environments, one should know how the human mind works. The human mind imposes an order on the world. The world is chaotic and disorderly which; the human mind classifies, orders and onto it, imposes cognitive schemata. Settlements, buildings and landscapes are results of this activity. Hence, built environments including settlements are one way of ordering the world. INTRODUCTION Vancouver Declaration on Human Settlements (1976) defined human settlements as â€Å"the totality of the human community whether city, town or village with all the social, material, organizational, spiritual and cultural elements that sustain it. The fabric of human settlements consists of physical elements and services to which these elements provide the material support†. The physical components comprise, Shelter, i. e. the superstructures of different shapes, size, type and materials erected by mankind for security, privacy and protection from the elements and for his singularity within a community; Infrastructure, i. . the complex networks designed to deliver to or remove from the shelter people, goods, energy or information; Services cover those required by a community for the fulfilment of its functions as a social body, such as education, health, culture, welfare, recreation and nutrition. All settlements essentially involve the making of places. Each place is a diffe rentiated portion of the earth’s surface of previously undifferentiated space, a portion that is distinguishable from other such portions and has a specific meaning. What makes a place is always some schema, some ordering principle, which varies in different cultures. In most traditional cultures these schemata are related to the sacred. The purpose of place is to create a space that is habitable and usable in terms acceptable to the culture. All settlements are ordered and organized. Settlements not only impose an order on the larger domain but also are themselves organized. There is an ordering system both in the settlement, ceremonial centre or whatever and at the larger scale; there are systems within systems. All settlements are designed. Settlements are designed in the sense that they embody human decisions, choices and specific ways of doing things. Designed environments include places that are cleared and planted, areas where rivers have been diverted and fields that have been fenced in certain patterns. In fact many apparently commonplace activities have a greater impact on the earth than design in the traditional sense. The way cities, regions and countries look depends in the final analysis on the design activity of many individuals and groups at different times. ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS Origin of settlements can be traced back to the caves where people gathered for protection against the natural forces or for defence against rival tribes. These places of communal living gave way to the village. The village was a by-product of the development of agriculture in areas where there was an adequate water supply and fertile soil. Many of these earliest villages arose adjacent to what are now the Mediterranean Sea and the Nile, Tigris, and Euphrates rivers. In addition to the role of providing shelter to its people, the village was also an appropriate sanctuary for the altar of their Deity, a meeting place for assembly, and a centre for trade. As this environment became increasingly populated, urbanization resulted. Communities larger than the village came as a result of the growth of crops and the breeding of stock on a more permanent basis than before. The production of hard grains that could be stored for a longer period of time offered stability, since it assured insurance against starvation. The ability of these urban areas to preserve food made it possible to diversify into other activities. With a development of diversified economy not totally dependent on food production, it became possible to attract people into a labour pool, thus providing employment in a variety of forms. This brought about the enlargement of villages or hamlets into towns and cities, which operated on different political and economic bases than had not been possible in the simpler forms. CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS The Influence of Geography Natural factors played an important part in the development and growth of settlements. The danger or fire and flood, extreme climatic conditions, the possibility of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, lack of natural resources or fertile soils – all influenced decisions either to settle in a given area or to move to a more favourable site. Moderate climates were always preferred to settle. Most of the settlements are located between the latitudes 60-degree North and 45-degree South. Although extreme temperatures are found within these boundaries, as the climate is favourable for habitation for major parts of the year. Geographic studies indicate that settlements seldom form where the topography is steep. Some cities are located at high altitudes, but the slope of the land is relatively level. For example, Denver, Colorado and Mexico City are around 5000 feet above sea level but the terrain at these sites is relatively flat. Accessibility to other settlements also plays a role in the location and development of settlements. Political and Social Organization The village brought something new to the lives of primitive people: the need for mutual responsibility and cooperation. Various social and political organizations emerged as a direct result. People did not adjust easily to the self-discipline that community life required. Personal rivalry flared within the village and the most powerful individual assumed the role of tribal leader. Rivalry between villages often resulted in armed conflict. Several villages might come under the domination of the victorious tribe with that tribe’s leader rising to the position of ruler. In time empires were created and rulers took the titles of king and emperor. What distinguishes the early city from the primitive village is its higher degree of political and social organization. The more sophisticated social structure allows people to live together in relative peace. Social, economic and political organization is essential to the growth and development of a city. As a result of the more advanced social structure, bold aesthetic changes took place. Temples and other structures of the ruling group became permanent. Tremendous amounts of energy were expended to produce great edifices, such as palaces and cathedrals, which became a source of pride to the public and the seat of power for its rulers. In the mean time, most of the people lived as slave labour in mud huts or worse where none of the basic amenities existed. Such situations still exist in many parts of the world today, where great numbers of people live in slums. Evolution of Physical Form Two basic forms of settlements are noticeable: the walled town and the open city. Within these basic forms a wide variety of patterns are woven. Each form and design is shaped by the character of the society at the time. Few cities that thrived with great cultures began with a plan. They developed by a process of accretion; the growth was irregular, responsive to the changes in the habits of people and dynamic in character. They began as free cities settled voluntarily. Their external form and the physical pattern were introduced according to the structure of the land itself or the manner in which the land was apportioned among the inhabitants. Cities have been subjected to the process of continuous remodelling through the ages and the variety of their forms is the result of the particular force or forces that were dominant during the successive periods of their history. In order to discern the characteristics of a civilization, attention cannot be confined only to the rulers but also to the affairs of the people. More than the great and the impressive structures, common dwellings of the people mark the culture of the cities.

Lactobacillus bulgaricus and E.coli. (Microbiology-SLP5) Essay

Lactobacillus bulgaricus and E.coli. (Microbiology-SLP5) - Essay Example While the Lactobacilli are found in plant herbage especially at temperatures between 30 and 40 degrees Celsius, the Escherichia bacteria are basically anaerobic and are found in the human colonic flora in the intestinal lumen. Thirdly, the Lactobacilli are involved in producing yoghurt and in maintaining healthy intestinal flora but the Escherichia bacteria are mainly used in industrial microbiology as an extremely versatile host of beneficial heterologous proteins, which can be mass produced through E. coli. Lastly, unlike Lactobacilli, E. coli can be pathological and may cause diarrhea, meningitis or urinary tract infection (â€Å"Lactobacillus,† 2010; â€Å"Escherichia,† 2010). When it comes to the similarities between Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Escherichia coli, only two things need to be noted: they are both rod-shaped and they both have benefits in the field of biotechnology. As to the specialized functions of Lactobacilli, particularly Lactobacillus bulgaricus, based on the results of scientific research, this particular species of bacteria performs an important role in the activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, or AhR, pathway, which in turn inhibits the development of a pathological condition known as â€Å"dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced† colitis (Takamura et al., 2011). Moreover, Lactobacillus bulgaricus is also involved in the destruction and elminition of putrefactive or proteolytic bacteria in the bowels, which cause â€Å"intestinal auto-intoxication† thus causing a series of arteriosclerotic changes that lead to physical aging (â€Å"Lactobacillus,† 2011). In a similar way, E. coli bacteria have been helpful in the expression of heterologous proteins, as previously mentioned, as well as in studies that help to illustrate and explain in detail complex cellular responses (Lee & Lee, 2003). Moreover, E. coli is used in the conversion of glycerine into ethanol (â€Å"E.coli,† 2010). The

Understanding the relationship between The banking sector and money Research Paper

Understanding the relationship between The banking sector and money laundering - Research Paper Example The annotated bibliography will enable me establish validity of the research, consider multiple perspectives and viewpoints of numerous authors and gain more background information on the topic of study. The annotated bibliography will also follow the appropriate citation style (Oliver, 2010). My research strategy for locating resources for my portfolio project while entail using information technology resources in the library such as computers to search for research databases on numerous authors who have studied the topic in order to get more background information (Oliver, 2010). I will be able to compare various sources in order to establish the relevancy and validity of their findings in my portfolio project. I will scholarly sources such as published books and peer reviewed journals that offer credible background information on various subjects of study (Oliver, 2010). The determining factors that will influence my decision include the relevancy of the source, the validity of the content and consistency of the information contained in the source (Oliver, 2010). I will also look at the credibility of the authors, the publishers and objectivity of facts presented by the author. I will also ensure the source ideas and findings are collaborated by other authors and ideas are logical according to the background information of my annotated bibliography (Oliver, 2010). My strategy has not changed since I will prepare an annotated bibliography that will guide me while writing the portfolio project. I will summarize the main sources, assess their relevancy to my topic, and reflect on their importance to my portfolio project (Oliver, 2010). I will seek help from the college writing center and my lecturers on how to arrange my ideas in a logical manner and different aspects that should be incorporated in the portfolio project. I will consult my lecturer on the difficult aspects of the project such

Gender roles of anime

Gender roles of anime The world of anime is extremely diverse, exploring many different themes and issues. This essay will be looking at the female role and the image that is portrayed in Japanese anime. Focus upon the suggestion of transformation from young girls to adulthood will be discussed in reference to Sailor Moon and in order to realise the idealised / fantasised aspect of anime, comparisons will be made to society and the stereotypical role of women in Japan. At first glance Japan appears to be a country where traditional hierarchy and formalities still stand with great importance; a dedicated, industrious nation where the men are the dominant breadwinners working for large corporate businesses and the women are shy, submissive wives, yet wise, over-ambitious mothers fixated on their childrens success in education. However, since the 1980s and 1990s women are moving away from this stereotype, relying less on their husbands to bring an income into the household and as a result, becoming more independent both financially and socially. (footnote susan napier page 76). In comparison to Japanese women twenty years ago they are now marrying and giving birth much later, which has been suggested is due to the bid by the Japanese Government to increase equal opportunities in employment and education. As a result there are now more career-oriented women which are attending higher education. (footnote Professor Sumiko Iwao) Considering education is important when addressing anime as this is where many relationships, friendships and emotions are explored. High school students in Japan have to compulsory attend two hundred and forty days a year at school; on top of this students tend to spend over two hours a day at after-school clubs, be that sport or academic related, as well as daily commuting to and from school for up to four hours. Foot note (Johnson and Johnson).Clearly education in Japan takes up a significant amount of adolescents time and so it is no surprise that many anime are centralised around students and school life. Due to the pressures placed upon school children to succeed and attain the best grades at school, high stress levels, feelings of despondency and entrapment are all emotions that are can be often associated with adolescence. Therefore the fantasy world that is presented in manga and anime could be seen as a way to escape the complications and miseries of mundane everyday life. A lot of Japanese anime stems from the still imagery of manga which is aimed at women just as much as it is at men (footnote susan napier). As a result of this, the Japanese animation industry is also targeted both towards a male and female audience. In comparison to the Western animation industry where the vast majority of the programs seem to be aimed mainly at young boys, the Japanese animation industry appears to cater for both sexes across a very wide age bracket too. This includes animation for children, as well as for teens and adults, which can range from simplistic stories to beautifully complex storylines addressing many difficult issues, to romance, action, and even pornography. As a result, anime is very popular as there is something available for everyone, making it very appealing to the masses and an important aspect of Japanese culture. One anime which has proved to be popular not only in Japan but in America too is Sailor Moon Sailor Moon was a popular series that aired on Japanese television from March 1992 to February 1997, only a month after the first issue of the manga was published. Compared to many other Sho-jo anime, Sailor Moon redefined the concept of the magical girl genre, (footnote Paul Gravett) since previous anime did not use their powers to fight evil. Sho-jo anime is the term given to the intended market audience, and although Sailor Moon is popular amongst boys the main target audience is young girls, typically referred to as the Sho-jo in Japan. (footnote) Written by Naoko Takeuch, the story of Sailor Moon is a humorous, mysterious and action filled journey fused with typical Sho-jo elements of love interests and friendships. The 200 episodes follow the development of a young fourteen year old girl, Usagi Tsukino, who upon learning of her superpowers from a talking cat, has the ability to transform into a super heroine Sailor Scout. Along with four other girls, they try to fight the evil Negaverse, and save Earth as well as humanity from destruction. The characters of Sailor Moon, as well as many other animes, appear to have no set nationality. Usagi has long flowing blond hair, pale skin and large blue eyes; an image which could possibly be described as appearing more Western than Japanese. This image, coupled with the American cheerleader style outfits of the super heroines, certainly suggests that there is a strong influence. The long toned limbs, short skirts and the tight, figure hugging costumes of conventional American super heroes, accentuates the legs, the small waists, large hips and in particularly the fully developed breasts of the characters, suggesting a more mature sexualised form of the young girls once they have transformed. Whenever the Sailor Scouts transform, the image illustrated is very suggestive of the characters being naked; they are literally being stripped in order to be reborn with new identities, that of fighters, but ultimately stronger, confidant women. The transformation scenes raise contradicting issues concerning whether females are purely sexual objects to be looked at and fantasised over by men, or if it is showing that developing young women are becoming freer and liberated in modern society. The transformations begin with a 360Â ° view of the characters in their naked form which once again portrays the characters in a rather sexualised yet somehow innocent manner. They loosely resemble the body of bare Barbie doll, which of course is related to childhood and thus connected to the Sho-jo culture. A leotard is then materialize, which highly resembles the swimsuit worn during a Miss American Beauty Pageant, suggesting that these girls have the perfect body to which impressionable young girls should be striving to achieve. Their bodies are then wrapped in the cheerleader style, sailor uniforms of their super heroine character. The sailor outfits, along with any other style of school uniform, are a popular fetish item regardless of whether the viewer is Japanese or not making this transformation sexualised once again. Finally, the girls appear to be raised up in the air, almost as if they are flying. It is in images of flight that the possibilities of escape (from the past, from tradition) are most clearly realised Susan Napier page 156 This gives the viewer the impression that the girls are breaking free from the bonds that are restricting them, liberating themselves, which in turn suggests the possibility of freedom, change and redemption both in context to the anime situation but also society. The transformations that the Sailor Scouts undergo, inevitably force the girls to grow up quickly when they should be enjoying their childhood. Also, Sailor Moon is the chosen one, meaning that involuntary changes are going to happen to her and that responsibilities are going to be thrust upon her. These are issue that any teenager encounter during puberty regardless of sex or nationally and so can be easily related to. The transformation scene therefore poses the question of whether these images are for pure sexual gratification appealing to men and intrigued adolescents of both sexes; a cheap attempt to boost audience viewing figures with the notion of sex sells; or whether it is to increase the empowerment of women. Whichever way these images are viewed, the transformation scene of the girls is opposing the traditionally upheld expectations of women being shy, subordinate and obedient to men in society. The fighting stances that each of the girls adopt certainly suggests a sudden growth from giggling adolescent school children into more confrontational adults. Sailor Moon stands with her legs wide apart and a hand on her hip appearing fearless as well as dominant; Sailor Mercury adopts a slightly more submissive position than that of Sailor Moon with her legs bent at the knees, and, in the tableau of the warriors together she is crouched on floor suggesting the possibility of sexual submissiveness; Sailor Mars, like Sailor Moon, is stood with her legs wide apart but looking back over her shoulder at the viewer with a hand on her hip suggesting a more temptress nature to her character; Sailor Jupiter also has a wide leg stance and during her first transformation the viewer is actually able to catch a glimpse of her bottom under her skirt possibly suggesting that this Sailor Scout is more sexually mature. Throughout all of the transformations and the majority of the fight scenes, the skirts of all of the Sailor Scouts, including Sailor Venus are blown up by the wind, resulting in the viewer catching a tantalising display of upper-thigh from the teenage girls. The eroticism and idea of strong women in Sailor Moon are effortlessly incorporated into the series even though the intended audience is for young girls, which significantly contrasts with the preconceived expected behaviour of women within Japanese society as being subservient. It is interesting to note as well that all the protagonist characters of Sailor Moon are female, be that good or evil, and the male characters are either the womens subordinates under their order and control, or their sidekicks. All these factors contribute towards challenging the traditional hierarchy values of Japan upheld by some men and women. One scene in particular which challenges this notion and consequently addressing the awareness of equality between men and women is during Episode 13 entitled Girl Power! The End of Jadeite in a battle between the Sailor Scouts and Jadeite, who is part of the Shitennou of the Dark Kingdom. Jedetite: Your trusty Tuxedo Mask is dead! Cry and Wail! Can you do nothing without the help of a man?! Women are such foolish creatures in the end! Sailor Mars: Only old men think men are better than women these days! Sailor Mercury: Thats right! Scorning women is positively feudalistic! Sailor Moon: Down with sexual discrimination! Jedetite is openly sexist towards women, frequently claiming how females are unable to match his power or intelligence. It is ironic then that it is the Sailor Scouts who defeat Jedetite, resulting in Queen Beryl placing him into an eternal sleep as punishment for losing the battle. Jedetite and his chauvinistic opinions are in other words silenced by women. Usgai has very feminine traits, that of wanting to nurture and heal people which are seen once she discovers the use of the Moon Healing Escalation. In order to defeat many of the monsters she faces Sailor Moon has to first heal them. (develop) The constant mentioning of Usagis body weight throughout the series raises the question of whether the writer and consequently the programme is being nurturing and understanding to its target audience, reassuring girls of any age about their body and encouraging them to be happy, or whether it is actually making young girls feel more self-conscious and obsessive over their own weight issues. The issue of the body appearance, especially in the Sailor Scouts transformations as already discussed, would certainly suggest the latter.

Express Luxury Lines

Empress Luxury Lines Angela D. Davis Strayer University Management 500 Dr. Prakash Menon April 29, 2012 Abstract This critical analysis case of Empress Luxury Lines is based on circumstances of ethical dilemmas and challenges of top level managers and their employees faced with decisions on what anyone person or persons would do against making ethical decisions. In this case study, we note that the employee has to make choices for doing what he believes is right for him even though it may cause possible termination.Despite of the needed computer upgrade for the Empress Luxury Liner for Empress, top management issues was to find other ways to limit cost. The luxury liner had fallen on hard times due to numerous factors some of which was not controllable by this business. In this case analysis we will explore how right or wrong decision making can create ethical dilemmas for a business. Faced with such dilemmas, we will try to understand how in decision making for the employees, manage rs, CFO’s affects the business entity.Empress Luxury Lines ANALAYZE ANTONIO’S ETHICAL DILEMMA Antonio Melendez, a two year employee of Empress Luxury Lines was starting to feel as stated by Daft, â€Å"finally found a way to fund the computer system upgrade he’d been requesting ever since he’d taken the job two years ago† ( 2010, p. 150). Antonio, being that he was only on the job two years, and Kevin Pfeiffer, the new hire, the ethical decision dilemma for them was in facing the truth about the power surge damaged that struck the ship to its onboard computer system.Antonio knew that the risk in defrauding the insurance company of the true nature of what happened to the computer system onboard the ship could have dire consequences for him and Kevin. Kevin told the truth to his supervisor Phil Bailey, of the $15,000 computer damaged and was told to report back only to his boss Phil Bailey. Kevin did exactly what he believed would be great news of th e minimum fixable damage, but Phil was not happy. Instead, Kevin was instructed to remove and destroy all the wires and the cables and haul them elsewhere so that the insurance adjuster upon arrival would not know the difference in the damage.Kevin refused choosing to make the intelligent ethical decision to not due as instructed and to not become part of a fraud scheme or the culture of top management habitually submitting fraudulent claims. Antonio appreciated Kevin’s integrity of making the best decision to not do as he was asked to do for Empress and his boss Phil Bailey. Antonio knew of years before he was hired, Empress Luxury Lines in the 1990’s, were a healthy business. The cruise liner had unprecedented demand by consumers to sail on its luxury liner. Unfortunately, with external threats of unforeseen causes, such as the 9/11 attacks in the U.S. , the Hurricanes of 2005, and the Norwalk Virus outbreak, Empress’s volume of tourist booking travel by ship fell off drastically. Empress had to refund monies to its clients for cruises they could not use due to these uncertainties. In essence, contingency planning was enacted to respond to the unexpected conditions of weather, terrorism, and medical emergencies. The current rising demand of fuel cost to sail the cruse liner, slashed into the luxury liner’s profits. This is why Antonio could not or did not see his fervent request to have monies to upgrade the ships computer system was not accepted.Until the damage of the computer system was verbally reported to Bailey, then the accepted practices of Empress by top management of fraud which was readily the condone nature, the assurance of Kevin, or Antonio being protected under the Whistle-blower act was essentially an ignored, systemic practice and rooted in the business climate culture from top to bottom. CREATE AND DESCRIBE TWO STRATEGIES In this case analysis the strategies to best describe how to address Antonio’s ethica l dilemma would be by using two approaches in ethical decision making.The approaches that can best address Antonio’s in this case study are the Utilitarian Approach and the Individualism Approach. These approaches best describe how Antonio should handle the situation at hand. The utilitarian approach by definition Daft , â€Å" the ethical concept that moral behaviors produce the greatest good for the greatest number† (2010, p. 132). This approach Antonio is ethical decision maker and he understands the consequences of actions and plans to benefit for the greater good for Empress.If Antonio chooses to use this approach he has the pulse of the organizations systemic practices but he has to figure out how to lead by example while limiting potential dire results for Empress by reporting what really happened to the insurance adjuster and authorities. If Antonio decides to stay quiet and do nothing he knows the risk and the ethical investigation that could ensue by law. The decision to do nothing hurts but if this is his decision, to help defraud the insurance company, the upside is that Empress will have a upgraded and repaired computer system.I would equate the 2008 fraud case involving the SBA Program of widespread fraud with the HUBZone Empowerment Contracting program similar to how systemic practices of obvious fraud with rewarding contracts to business firms who were not eligible to receive such funding. Bruce Causseaux, a senior level specialist stated, â€Å"Three main factors worked to encourage the fraud, he says: the lure of several billion dollars of federal contracting, an SBA control process that largely relied on inadequately verified self-certified information and a clear message that, even if caught, the punishment would not match the crime† (Wilson, 2008 p. 0). This article exemplifies the seriousness that when it all goes wrong, in the utilitarian approach the benefit yielded still the lesser of a potentially disastrous resul t. The individualism approach’s by definition Daft, â€Å"the ethical concept that acts are moral when they promote the individual’s best long-term interest† (2010, p. 132). This approach helps Antonio because he believes in the fundamental rights of individuals in the ethical decision making process.If Antonio chooses to avoid the systemic behavior by Empress because it will impede on a persons right then he would be ethically deciding to go against the grain of behavior even though he knows he may lose his job by telling the truth. The issue with this approach who determines the legitimacy of what is ethical or not about the way the cruise liner decides to conduct its business. Antonio/s plan of action hangs on the real balancing act of being loyal only to himself, to the health of the company and or lastly, for the greatest good of Empress.Antonio has to really be comfortable in which ever decision ethically he will make. ASSESS THE PROS AND CONS The pros and cons of the utilitarian approach if Antonio so believes is the best approach he has the option to weigh the differences looking at how his decision will effect his fellow coworkers. For this case analysis, I believe the utilitarian is better suited for Antonio because this approach is not a selfish approach but more in line with having the thoughtfulness of care and concern for others and how his ethical decision could harm everyone.Antonio does not consider he is just a lone wolf in this decision process because he sees the dilemma as equal parts to be held by together by the belief of all. Antonio relies on the method of substance process quantitatively in his overall objective to be fair for the consideration of the whole in making a just, moral, and pro ethical decision. The utilitarian approach con is in understanding and recognizing the cost benefits of his decision. This approach does not allow for room to be appeasing to all of his coworkers and this approach can cause harm . The end does not always justify the means as this approach states.In the con of this approach, can Antonio assume the result of perhaps not being ethically honest could yield a positive result no matter of the facts presented to the insurance adjuster? This may happen and he is still left with the decision did he do his best in rising above the fray to do his ethical duty. The pros and con of the individualism approach on the pro side is Antonio will be respecting the rights of his coworkers and doing what is best for the common good of Empress. Antonio will also be protecting his rights as an individual which is a benefit for him.Antonio has to be careful in upholding for pro rights to not step over the rights of others. A con of the individual approach is could be the true meaning in defining a person’s fundamental rights. This is a con of this approach because in the U. S. we have included our U. S. Constitution the Bill of Rights. If Antonio thinks this is the best appr oach because the Empress sails in international waters Antonio has to have consideration for the international laws of other countries which the U. S. Constitution with the Bill of Rights won’t apply.Another con of this approach is that it is a selfish approach and can entice Antonio to consider only his needs and not the concerns of others. DECIDE ON WHICH STRATEGY TO TAKE Given the two approaches of utilitarian and individualism, I would choose the individualism approach for this case analysis if I was in Antonio’s position. I am not a selfish person by nature and in making business decisions I know that the ability to think in ethical decision making when a problem presents itself one has to be ready, willing and able to perform the task of airing on the side of fairness.I have had similar instances as Antonio in being the one who has to be concerned for his self but by being this way, you ultimately do decide for the good all in the process of ethically doing what is best for the future long term health of the company. Individualism by behavior alone can ensure fellow coworkers that action done ethically for the best business ethical decision outcome is in the best interest of the whole. This action inspires cohesiveness and conformity in our feelings of our behavior.In their book If Your Life were a Business, would you Invest in It? (2003), Eckblad and Kiel states, â€Å"When we acknowledge these feelings in ourselves and reflect on them, we often find their origin in one or more situations where we wish we had had the courage to have challenged someone or done something differently† and â€Å"businesslike thinking and planning are no guarantee that there will be â€Å"good† or courageous people in either jobs or our live† (Eckblad & Kiel, 2008, p. 37). The individualism approach has worked well for me in my business endeavors and personal life. My willingness to be fair, but yet knowing what ever decisions I make whethe r they are ethically based on a ethical dilemma or not, I firmly understand that not all decisions I chose to make was good for the whole and that you can not know the true value of the dilemma in your decision choice of how it will relate to other employees or coworkers. This is the dilemma for Antonio.I do think his best method of approach would be using the individualism approach for Empress Luxury Lines. He will not please all but he will be ethically making the best decision for the greater good of the company. References Daft, Richard L. (2010). Management. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Eckblad, John, & Keil, David (2003). If your Life Were a Business, Would You invest in It?. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Wilson, Sarah (2008, November), Fraud Rattles SBA Program. Entrepreneur, 30.